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This Week in the Law Library …

Posted on August 15, 2022 by susanb

This week in the Law Library we are welcoming our 1L, transfer students, and those taking short courses! We are so happy you are here!

Law Library Orientation

Join us on Thursday, Aug. 18th from 9:00am – 10:00am in room 160 for an introduction to the law library and library resources.

Hours & Access

Currently, building access is restricted to Monday — Friday 8:00am – 5:00pm. UC Bearcat cards do not currently work at the entrance doors. The Law Library is still under construction and currently our stacks are closed. Please request print books through UCLID, the online catalog. When they arrive you will be notified by email and you can pick them up at the Circulation Desk. E-books and electronic materials are available to you 24/7.

Law School Success

5 Resources to Help Prepare for the Year Ahead

The resources below are available through the Law Library’s study aid subscriptions. For more information on accessing our study aids, view our Introduction to Study Aids video and our 1-L Study Aids page on the 1-L Survival Guide.

1L of a Ride by Andrew J. McClurg

Coming to Law School: How to Prepare Yourself for the Next Three Years by Ian Gallacher

This book, , demystifies law school and the process of studying the law. The book shows how study skills such as case briefing, taking notes in class, and preparing exam outlines are interrelated and how an incoming student can practice them before coming to law school, making the transition from prospective to actual law student easier and as painless as possible. The book also contains information about many practical issues, including the law school process, how to do well in a summer job, and taking the bar exam.

Law 101: What Law School’s Really Like by Chad Noreuil

Law 101, available through the Lexis Nexis Digital Library study aid subscription (Lexis Overdrive), gives a behind-the-scenes look at what law school’s really like. The advice covers all aspects of law school, and ranges from academic advice on such topics as study techniques, classroom skills, and tips for exam success, to the best ways to participate in extracurricular activities, maintain healthy relationships outside of law school, and get a job after graduation.

Starting off Right in Law School by Carolyn J. Nygren

A Weekly Guide to Being a Model Law Student by Alex Ruskell

This book, available through the West Academic study aid subscription, gives law students weekly checklists explaining the skills necessary to successfully navigate their first year of law school. Each chapter provides a checklist of things to do that week, such as briefing cases, going over notes, outlining classes, or doing practice questions. When a new concept is introduced, this book clearly explains the concept and its purpose and provides examples. It also includes a bank of over 100 short, medium, and long practice questions in six first year subjects.

This Week in the Law Library …

Posted on August 8, 2022 by susanb

This week in the Law Library we are welcoming our LLM students, still moving, and looking at summer legal research tips.

Welcome LLM Students

A warm welcome to our LLM students! We’re so happy that you joined us.

Image by Gordon Johnson from Pixabay

LLM Introduction to the Law Library

Wednesday, Aug. 10
2:00pm – 3:30pm
Room 230

Hours & Access

Currently, building access is restricted to Monday — Friday 7:00am – 5:00pm. UC Bearcat cards do not currently work at the entrance doors. The Law Library is still under construction and currently our stacks are closed. Please request books through UCLID, the online catalog.

Summer Legal Research Tips

Previously, we looked at initial steps to take when you get a summer research project, researching secondary sources, the structure and organization of statutory codes and where to find them, finding and searching within annotated codes, how to update and validate statutes, researching historical codes, statutory surveys, and finding cases. This week we will cover validating your cases.

Citators

There are two main case law citators to verify the status of your case – on LexisNexis, it is Shepards and on Westlaw it is Keycite. Keyciting and shepardizing are also a method for finding other cases and secondary sources relevant to your topic. There are differences between the citator symbols used by Westlaw and Lexis, but as a general rule, in either Westlaw or Lexis cases with a red flag or red stop sign may no longer be good law and should not be relied upon without doing further research. Similarly, cases with a yellow flag or yellow triangle should be used with caution because they may have been distinguished by other court rulings. Remember, that you need to take into account the jurisdiction of your case and the cases citing your case in order to determine if your case is still good law.

Lexis Shepard’s Symbols

Red Octagon: Warning Strong Negative Treatment Indicated

The red Shepard’s Signal™ indicator indicates that citing references in the Shepard’s® Citations Service contain strong negative history or treatment of your case (for example, overruled by or reversed).

Circle with an exclamation point: Warning Strong Negative Treatment Indicated

The red Shepard’s Signal™ indicator indicates that citing references in the Shepard’s® Citations Service contain strong negative treatment of the section (for example, the section may have been found to be unconstitutional or void).

Orange Square with a Q: Questioned: Validity questioned by citing reference

The orange Shepard’s Signal™ indicator indicates that the citing references in the Shepard’s® Citations Service contain treatment that questions the continuing validity or precedential value of your case because of intervening circumstances, including judicial or legislative overruling

Yellow Triangle: Possible negative treatment indicated

The yellow Shepard’s Signal™ indicator indicates that citing references in the Shepard’s® Citations Service contain history or treatment that may have a significant negative impact on your case (for example, limited or criticized by).

Green Diamond with Plus Sign: Positive treatment indicated

The green Shepard’s Signal™ indicator indicates that citing references in the Shepard’s® Citations Service contain history or treatment that has a positive impact on your case (for example, affirmed or followed by).

Blue Octagon with an A: Citing references with analysis available

The blue “A” Shepard’s Signal™ indicator indicates that citing references in the Shepard’s® Citations Service contain treatment of your case that is neither positive nor negative (for example, explained).

Blue Octagon with an I: Citation information available

The blue “I” Shepard’s Signal™ indicator indicates that citing references are available in the Shepard’s® Citations Service for your case, but the references do not have history or treatment analysis (for example, the references are law review citations).

Westlaw KeyCite Symbols

Red flag: Severe negative treatment

Indicates a document is no longer good law for at least one point of law.

Yellow flag: Negative treatment

Indicates a document has some negative treatment

Blue-Striped flag

Indicates a document has been appealed to the US Courts of Appeals or the U.S. Supreme Court (excluding appeals originating from agencies).

Overruling Risk warning: Negative treatment

Indicates a document may no longer be good for at least one point of law based on its reliance on an overruled or otherwise invalid prior decision.

This Week in the Law Library …

Posted on July 25, 2022 by susanb

This week in the Law Library, we’re moving into our new building, wishing everyone good luck on the bar exam, providing new summer legal research tips, and celebrating Disability Pride Month.

Law Library Access in Old & New Buildings

We are moving this week into our new building so there is no student and visitor access this week to the old building. General access to the new building will begin on Monday August 8th. Students will have 24/7 access to the new building starting at that time.

Take a sneak peak inside our new home! Peruse renderings and progress photos in our image gallery, watch in real time as our new home is constructed with the Construction Camera, and get the full picture of what to expect by reviewing the new building features.

Good Luck on the Bar Exam!

This week is it! The bar exam will be administered July 26-27, 2022 at the Roberts Centre, 123 Gano Road, Wilmington, Ohio. We’re wishing everyone the best of luck! Below are some last minute tips:

Five Essential Last-Minute Bar Exam Tips, JD Advising

Bar Exam Packing List, JD Advising

The Weeks and Days Before The Bar Exam, Law School Survival

Exam Day Tips, Bar Exam Toolbox

The Bar Exam is Tomorrow – No Problem!, Pass the Bar.Com

Summer Legal Research Tips

Previously, we looked at initial steps to take when you get a summer research project, researching secondary sources, the structure and organization of statutory codes and where to find them, finding and searching within annotated codes, how to update and validate statutes, researching historical codes, and statutory surveys. This week we will begin covering how to find cases.

Finding Cases by Headnote

Headnotes are summaries of the issues in a case. They are not actually part of the opinion. Each headnote is numbered. You can click on the headnote number and be taken to the place within the opinion where the issue of the headnote is discussed. Headnotes are tools that can be used for research but they are not part of the actual case itself. You should never cite to a headnote and always read the opinion and do not rely on the headnote.

Headnotes in Westlaw

Using Westlaw Topic and Key Numbers Assigned to Headnotes to Find Cases

Each headnote in a case published in Westlaw is assigned a topic and key number. These topic and key numbers can be used to find more cases on the same subject. For example, if we had a headnote that was assigned the topic of Damages and the key number of 57.21 and we want to find more cases that talk about what is needed to prove a claim of Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress, we can use the topic of Damages and the key number of 57.21 and look online to find more cases that discuss this same thing. If you want to see the topic and key numbers in Westlaw headnotes, you may have to click the grid view link at the top of where the headnotes begin. The key number assigned to a particular headnote is always the last and narrowest key number assigned. Click on the link for the topic and key number and Westlaw will run a search and bring up all cases in their system that have been classified under that topic and key number. Note that you may need to change your jurisdiction for the search because the system keeps the last jurisdiction chosen.

Using Cases that Cite This Headnote

To find other cases that cite a particular headnote, click on the “Cases that cite this headnote” link located below the headnote summary of the point of law. Cases that cite a headnote consist of the citing references that specifically address that particular point of law in the case. Because cases may address many different issues, this can be a quick way to find the most relevant cases citing your case for the particular issue covered by that headnote.

Headnotes in Lexis

Using Lexis Topics Assigned to Headnotes to Find Cases

Lexis headnotes are still organized by broad topics and then progressively subdivided by narrower subjects, but Lexis headnote subjects tend to be broader concepts than the Westlaw key numbers. Also, Lexis headnotes do not editorialize, they actually lift language straight from the text of the case. We can find more cases on a topic by clicking on the topic links assigned to the headnote. In Lexis, the topic links are above the headnote. If we want a broader search, we can use the topic intermediate levels, for example, we could search Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress rather than the specific Elements beneath that. A search on any intermediate level will bring up results for all the more specific levels below it.

Using Shepardize – Narrow by this Headnote to Find Cases

To find more cases that discuss the same point of law, click “Shepardize – Narrow by this Headnote.” This will show you all cases that cite to this case that reference the same issue as that headnote.

Lexis Legal Issue Trail

Another way to use one case in Lexis to find more cases on an issue, is to Activate Passages within the Legal Issue Trail. You will find the Legal Issue Trail and the Activate Passages link off to the right of the case under the “Info” tab. Note that you may have to expand out your document window to see the Legal Issue Trail option. Once you do see it, slide the toggle on the Activate Passages button to begin. The passages in the document contain references to specific legal issues will be outlined with dotted lines and each discrete passage will have an asterisk in front of it. You would search for the passage containing the language you are interested in finding in other cases. Clicking within the purple dotted lines will get cases that our case has cited for this language, as well as cases that have cited our case for that language.

Where to Find More Information on Researching Cases

Don’t forget that you can always find out more about researching cases in our Researching Cases Guide or watch our videos on finding cases.

July Is Disability Pride Month!

Disability Pride Flag. A black flag with a lightning bolt of blue, yellow, white, red, and green. Source: Ann Magill/Public Domain

About Disability Pride Month

Disability Pride Month is an annual worldwide observance holiday during the month of July. It promotes awareness of disability as an identity, a community, a culture & the positive pride felt by disabled people. It directly challenges systematic ableism and discrimination.

5 More Resources on Accessibility & Disability Issues

Cambridge Disability Law and Policy Series (e-books)

According to the UN High Commission on Human Rights six hundred million people, nearly one tenth of the world’s population, are afflicted with some form of disability. Many live deplorable lives faced with physical and social barriers which prevent their integration and full participation in their communities. As a consequence of the International Human Rights Movement persons with disabilities now have a mechanism to petition their local authorities and national governments to secure their rights and privileges to fully participate in their societies. In addition to the human rights dimension, advances in medical science and rehabilitation techniques are enabling people with disabilities to take a more active role in the workplace. The Cambridge Disability Law and Policy Series will address this global movement and provide publications that will address, analyze and explore, in a comparative and international perspective, legal and policy perspectives that will provide resources for individuals, academics, practitioners and policy makers on how to effectively further the cause of disability rights.

Disabilities & the Law (e-book)

Available in Westlaw, Disabilities & the Law provides a comprehensive overview of the rights of persons with disabilities in primary, secondary, and higher education, employment, public accommodations and public services, housing, transportation, and health care.

Disability Law and Policy (e-book)

Available through the West Academic study aid subscription, Disability Law and Policy provides an overview of the major themes and insights in disability law. It is also a compelling compendium of stories about how our legal system has responded to the needs of impacted individuals. During the past three decades, disability law and policy, including the law of the ADA itself, have evolved dramatically in the United States and internationally. Walls of inaccessibility, exclusion, segregation, stigma, and discrimination have been torn down, often brick-by-brick. But the work continues, many times led by advocates who have never known a world without the ADA and are now building on the efforts of those who came before them.

Mental Disability Law: Civil and Criminal (e-book)

Available in Lexis, Mental Disability Law: Civil and Criminal is a logically organized discussion of the entire body of law affecting the mentally disabled. It provides thoughtful answers to practically every research, counseling or litigation problem that could conceivably arise in this area. Each chapter of this treatise contains practical checklists and commentary to highlight and clarify case authority. Extensively annotated, it contains a table of cases and cites hundreds of authoritative secondary sources.

Understanding Disability Law (e-book)

Available in the LexisNexis Digital Library study aid subscription, Understanding Disability Law discusses important statutory and constitutional issues relating to disability discrimination. It includes an analysis of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Americans with Disabilities Act, section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the Fair Housing Act Amendments, and other laws, as they relate to controversial issues of disability rights. The book discusses the leading cases on each of the major topics of disability law, and suggests ways of thinking about unresolved questions and debates over legal policy. It covers Constitutional law bearing on disability discrimination; The controversy over who is a person with a disability for purposes of federal statutes; Employment discrimination rights and remedies; Educational discrimination, including special education law and higher education for students with disabilities; Discrimination in public accommodations; Discrimination by federal, state, and local governments; and Disability discrimination related to housing, transportation, and telecommunications.

This Week in the Law Library …

Posted on July 18, 2022 by susanb

This week in the Law Library, we’re preparing for our move to the new building, continuing to look at bar exam resources, providing new summer legal research tips, and celebrating Disability Pride Month.

Law Library Access in Old & New Buildings

Student and visitor access to the current building will end on Friday July 22nd. General access to the new building will begin on Monday August 8th. Students will have 24/7 access to the new building starting at that time.

Bar Exam Study Resources

Congratulations! You have made it through law school but now the bar exam looms. Don’t worry, the Law Library’s got your back. When you’ve caught your breath and you’re ready to start your bar studying, we have resources that can help. Check out our Bar Exam Research Guide.

The July bar examination will be administered July 26-27, 2022 at the Roberts Centre, 123 Gano Road, Wilmington, Ohio.

5 More Bar Exam Resources

The Bar Exam is not a sprint, it’s a marathon so pace yourself! You can see the previous week’s featured bar exam resources on our July 11th, July 5th, June 27, June 21st, June 13th, June 6th, and May 24th posts. Check out this week’s Bar Exam Resource highlights below on what to do this last week before the bar exam.

The End Is Near – What to Do During the Last Week of Bar Prep, JD Advising

Zoila Sanchez, Strategies for Bar Exam Week, Bar Exam Toolbox (July 13, 2022)

The Week Before the Bar Exam: Top Tips, Kaplan Test Prep

The Bar Exam is a Week Away – Now What?, Pass the Bar

7 Tips For Success The Week Before The Bar Exam, AdaptiBar (Feb. 14, 2022)

Summer Legal Research Tips

Previously, we looked at initial steps to take when you get a summer research project, researching secondary sources, the structure and organization of statutory codes and where to find them, finding and searching within annotated codes, how to update and validate statutes, and researching historical codes. This week we will cover statutory surveys.

Statutory Surveys

Sometimes a researcher is asked to find statutes from multiple jurisdictions on a particular topic. These can be extremely time consuming to compile AND difficult to compile because different statutes can use different language to describe the same thing and you won’t know what terms each jurisdiction uses. If someone had already done all or part of the work for you, why not take advantage of that? That’s where a statutory survey can come in. Just be aware going in that there is no guarantee that a survey exists on the topic you need and that these surveys are just a starting point to the primary sources—the state laws themselves. Surveys can be very informative guides, but likely will need to be updated and verified before placing final reliance upon them.

Statutory Surveys on Lexis & Westlaw

Lexis and Westlaw both have 50-state surveys. You can search or browse these surveys. The surveys are on selected subjects and you will definitely want to verify statutes you will be using.

The State Law Comparison Tool in Lexis Practice Advisor allows you to efficiently compare laws across multiple states for a variety of practice areas and topics. To produce a comparison document, start by selecting the “Practical Guidance” icon located on the left-hand side of the Lexis+ homepage. Then click the State Law Comparison Tool link on the right. You can then select your practice area, topic, jurisdiction, and question.

Westlaw also has a service called Jurisdictional Surveys. Start with the citation of a statute you know, index terms that describe your topical target, or from a predefined topic page. The result list is a curated list of statutory sections that uses algorithms to account for varying terminology across all jurisdictions.

Subject Compilations of State Laws

Another place you can find a state code survey is in a publication called Subject Compilations of State Laws. This is an annual publication that identifies and describes multistate surveys that have been published since the 1960s in various types of sources, including books, articles, government documents, and websites. The series now includes over 20 volumes, with new volumes being added every year. Unfortunately, the volumes are not cumulative, so you need to consult each one if you want to find surveys on a certain topic from all time periods since the 1960s.

The publication gives you a citation to the survey. It does not give you the full-text of the survey. Still, it is an excellent way to find a treatise or law review where someone has done a survey. It is much more comprehensive subject-wise than the Lexis and Westlaw state surveys.

This publication is now searchable online through HeinOnline.

State Law Charts on Bloomberg Law

Bloomberg Law has a chart builder that you can use to create custom state law surveys. The Chart Builder feature is under the “Practitioner Tools” tab. Bloomberg Law organizes the charts into 9 broad practice areas: Banking & Consumer Finance, Bankruptcy, Blue Sky/Securities, Corporate, Data Security & Privacy, Health Care, Intellectual Property, Labor & Employment, and Tax. Each practice area has multiple subjects within it.

Once you find your desired subject, select the jurisdiction(s) and topic(s) you are interested in and create the chart.

Additionally, some of the Practice Centers on Bloomberg Law also let you build state law charts, reports and track developments.

Smart Charts on VitalLaw

VitalLaw also has smart charts that you can use to create custom state law surveys. Access all of the smart charts through the Practical Content tab.

National Conference of State Legislatures

One organization that compiles high quality surveys on a wide variety of topics is the National Conference of State Legislatures. They are much better on reporting legislation as opposed to codified statutes, but you can still find surveys on a wide variety of topics. Some of their resources are for members only but much of it is available to the public.

Other Organizations & Associations

In addition to these sources, keep in mind that many organizations and associations may conduct code surveys. Just be aware that it is often harder to tell how up to date such a source is and you don’t know who compiled it or how accurate it is.

Don’t forget that you can always find out more about researching statutes in our Researching Statutes Guide or watch our videos on finding and searching within annotated codes.

July Is Disability Pride Month!

Disability Pride Flag. A black flag with a lightning bolt of blue, yellow, white, red, and green. Source: Ann Magill/Public Domain

About Disability Pride Month

5 More Resources on Accessibility & Disability Issues

Critical Readings in Interdisciplinary Disability Studies (e-book)

This edited volume includes chapters on disability studies organized around three themes: Theory, Philosophy and Critique. Informed by a range of scholars who may or may not fashion their work beneath the banner of disability studies in explicit terms, it draws connections across a range of identities, knowledges, histories, and struggles that may, on the face of the text seem unrelated. The chapters are cross-categorical and interdisciplinary for purposes of complicating disability studies across international contexts and multiple locations that consider practice-oriented and intersectional approaches for analysis and advocacy. This integrative approach heralds more powerful ways to imagine disability and the conversation on disability.

Disability Studies: Educating for Inclusion (e-book)

Education systems worldwide will only successfully serve the needs of people with disability when we inclusively examine and address disabling issues that currently exist at school level education as well as further and higher education and beyond. The chapters contributing to this edited volume are presented to assist readers with a critical examination of contemporary practice and offer a concerted response to improving inclusive education. The chapters address a range of important topics related to the field of critical disability studies in education and include sections dedicated to Schools, Higher Education, Family and Community and Theorising. The contributors entered into discussions during the 2014 AERA Special Interest Group annual meeting hosted by Victoria University in Australia. The perspectives offered here include academic, practitioner, student and parent with contributions from Australia, New Zealand, Nigeria, the UK and the US, providing transnational interest.

The Disability Studies Reader (e-book)

The Disability Studies Reader collects, for the first time, representative texts from the newly emerging field of disability studies. This volume represents a major advance in presenting the most important writings about disability with an emphasis on those writers working from a materialist and postmodernist perspective. Drawing together experts in cultural studies, literary criticism, sociology, biology, the visual arts, pedagogy and post-colonial studies, the collection provides a comprehensive approach to the issue of disability.

Occupying Disability: Critical Approaches to Community, Justice, and Decolonizing Disability (e-book)

This book explores the concept of “occupation” in disability well beyond traditional clinical formulations of disability: it considers disability not in terms of pathology or impairment, but as a range of unique social identities and experiences that are shaped by visible or invisible diagnoses/impairments, socio-cultural perceptions and environmental barriers and offers innovative ideas on how to apply theoretical training to real world contexts. Inspired by disability justice and “Disability Occupy Wall Street / Decolonize Disability” movements in the US and related movements abroad, this book builds on politically engaged critical approaches to disability that intersect occupational therapy, disability studies and anthropology. “Occupying Disability” will provide a discursive space where the concepts of disability, culture and occupation meet critical theory, activism and the creative arts. The concept of “occupation” is intentionally a moving target in this book. Some chapters discuss occupying spaces as a form of protest or, alternatively, protesting against territorial occupations. Others present occupations as framed or problematized within the fields of occupational therapy and occupational science and anthropology as engagement in meaningful activities. The contributing authors come from a variety of professional, academic and activist backgrounds to include perspectives from theory, practice and experiences of disability. Emergent themes include: all the permutations of the concept of “occupy,” disability justice/decolonization, marginalization and minoritization, technology, struggle, creativity, and change.

Vulnerable Bodies: New Directions in Disability Studies (e-book)

This book offers new direction in disability studies, by integrating the medical and social model of disability. The first aim is to provide an integral approach to thinking about impairment and disability through the integrative lens of being vulnerable. The second aim is to transcend the normative trap which impairment and disability debate finds itself locked in. Disability debate is trapped in a normative struggle to escape oppressive norms. Either, by legitimizing the desire to be free from impairment, where a legitimization identity is promoted through the medical model. Or, by resisting discriminative social norms, where the desire is to be free from oppressive social barriers that exist on top of having impairment. Identifying with one’s vulnerability, or embodied uncertainty, allows for the possibility of forging meaning and building new identity. It allows freedom to express embodied difference, rather than to transform or defend it.

This Week in the Law Library …

Posted on July 11, 2022 by susanb

This week in the Law Library, we’re continuing to look at bar exam resources, new summer legal research tips, celebrate Disability Pride Month, and preview Ohio Supreme Court oral arguments.

Bar Exam Study Resources

The July bar examination will be administered July 26-27, 2022 at the Roberts Centre, 123 Gano Road, Wilmington, Ohio.

5 More Bar Exam Resources

The Bar Exam is not a sprint, it’s a marathon so pace yourself! You can see the previous week’s featured bar exam resources on our July 5th, June 27, June 21st, June 13th, June 6th, and May 24th posts. Check out this week’s Bar Exam Resource highlights below on what to do two weeks before the bar exam.

How to Make a Study Schedule the Last Two Weeks of Bar Exam Prep, JD Advising

How To Make A Study Schedule The Last Two Weeks Of Bar Prep (Video)

Shelley Awe, Bar Exam Tips for Two Weeks Out, FirstHand (Feb. 8, 2021)

What should you do Two Weeks Before the Bar Exam: Tips & Advice, The International Lawyer (July 11, 2019)

Bar Success Tips for the Final Two Weeks Before the Bar Exam, Law School Academic Support Blog (Feb. 7, 2019)

Christen Morgan, You Have Two Weeks of Bar Prep Remaining, Have You Completed this Checklist?, Bar Exam Toolbox (Feb. 3, 2021)

Summer Legal Research Tips

Previously, we looked at initial steps to take when you get a summer research project, researching secondary sources, the structure and organization of statutory codes and where to find them, finding and searching within annotated codes, and how to update and validate statutes. This week we will cover how to research historical codes. Learn more about researching statutes in our Researching Statutes Guide or watch our videos on finding and searching within annotated codes.

Effective Dates

You will need to connect the timeline of your cause of action or issue with the statute version that was in effect at that time. If the statute has been amended or repealed since the time in question, it is likely that the prior version is the one you will need to research. Always be aware of the timelines and any amendment history of relevant statutory provisions, including the date on which the amendment became or becomes effective!

The effective date is the date on which a statute becomes operative and enforceable. This date may or may not be the same date as the signing date or the date that a bill was passed. Generally, in the federal system, a law becomes effective when it has been enacted. There are exceptions to this since a law may have a specific effective date stated within it. The date of enactment is most easily located by looking at the list of session laws creating and amending a statute that are directly after the text of a statute in a code.

Many states have codified the effective dates for their statutes so that a law generally becomes effective on a certain date or number of days. For example, some states provide that laws become effective 90 days after signed. Other states provide that they become effective 6-months after being signed. Still others may provide a specific month such as October 1. Do be aware, however, that there are emergency effective dates for statutes. In Ohio, a signed act becomes law after 90 days. If the governor takes no action within 10 days of receiving the act, it becomes law without his or her signature. The Kentucky Constitution specifies that an act becomes law 90 days after the General Assembly Adjourns, unless the act contains a delayed effective date or an emergency clause.

Finding Historical Statutes

So where can you find historical statutes? HeinOnline has the United States Code going back to 1925. Govinfo.gov has the United States Code going back to 1994 as does Bloomberg Law. Fastcase has the United States Code going back to 2006. Westlaw’s USCA goes back to 1990 and the Lexis USCS goes back to 1992.

State code archives vary. HeinOnline has a library called State Statutes: A Historical Archive that covers superseded state statutes for all fifty states some going back until 1717. HeinOnline also has a library of state session laws that contains the session laws of all 50 U.S. states as well as Canada, Australia, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, and the D.C. Register. All states are current within 60 days of the printed publication, and all states are available back to inception!

Comparing Statutes

Lexis has a feature called Compare Versions that allows you to pull up two statutory sections from different time periods and compare them. Use this feature to quickly compare any 2 versions of a statute to see where language has changed. Westlaw has a similar feature, and you can use their Statutes Compare to discover how a statute or has changed over time. In a Document view, you can click the Compare Versions button to compare the current version and a previous version of the statute. You can also do this through the History tab.

July Is Disability Pride Month!

Disability Pride Flag. A black flag with a lightning bolt of blue, yellow, white, red, and green. Source: Ann Magill/Public Domain

About Disability Pride Month

5 More Resources on Accessibility & Disability Issues

ADA Live! (Podcast)

ADA Live! is a free monthly show broadcast nationally on the Internet. Learn about rights and responsibilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Leaders in the field will share their knowledge, experience and successful strategies that increase the participation of persons with disabilities in communities and businesses.

ADAPT Online History Museum, Capitol Crawl (Video)

This video covers part of the Wheels of Justice rally and then the Capitol Crawl that took place on the west (Mall) side steps of the US Capitol March 12, 1990. This action, in which hundreds of people with disabilities took part, was done to push the Congress to move forward on the landmark civil rights bill, the Americans with Disabilities Act, ADA. The ADA had stalled in Congress and the disability community rose up to say enough is enough. It was part of a several day action by ADAPT to move Congress to act. It was also the culmination of a massive national grassroots effort by organizations and individuals from every state and territory in the nation to call for an end to discrimination based on disability. It symbolized the struggle people with disabilities faced in dealing with the society’s discrimination, and the strength and perseverance of people with disabilities in facing these obstacles.

The Hastings Center, Public Events Series: The Art of Flourishing: Conversations on Disability

The Art of Flourishing: Conversations on Disability is a series of six public events held between 2019 and 2022 in which scholars, artists, writers, and thought leaders with disabilities reflect on what “flourishing” means to them.

Diversability Amplified (Podcast)

Diversability is a leadership collective to elevate disability pride through community, visibility, and engaged allyship. Diversability Amplified is their podcast for people with disabilities and their allies seeking to join our movement to make disabled voices heard. They host honest, bold conversations about life with disability, the diverse disability community, and what it means to be an advocate in today’s world.

The Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund, The Making of the ADA (Video)

Memories From the 10th Anniversary of the signing of The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1991. Interviews were conducted with President George H.W. Bush and key members of his Administration, Congressional leaders who championed the proposed legislation including Senator Edward M. Kennedy, members of their staff, and disability rights attorneys and advocates such as Justin Dart, Jr.

July Oral Arguments at the Ohio Supreme Court

You can view the live stream of oral arguments on the Court’s website or see them after the arguments take place in the Ohio Channel archives.

Ohio Supreme Court Chamber

Tuesday, July 12, 2022

State v. Fisk – whether Marsy’s Law gives the state the standing or right to appeal a trial court’s decision not to order restitution as part of a defendant’s criminal sentence. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

State v. Morris – whether a trial court must consider a defendant’s youth as a factor in sentencing. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

Twism Enterprises, LLC v. State Bd. of Registration for Pro. Engineers & Surveyors – (1) whether the court improperly deferred to an administrative agency, in this case the State Board of Registration for Professional Engineers and Surveyors; and (2) whether Ohio Rev. Code § 4733.16 prevents an engineering firm from designating an independent contractor as its engineering manager. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

In re Establishing Solar Generation Fund Rider Pursuant to R.C. 3706.46 – whether the Public Utilities Commission of Ohio unlawfully billed and collected monthly charges from customers to fund solar subsdies. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

Wednesday, July 13, 2022

State v. Ramunas – whether burglary and theft offenses are merged for sentencing when an individual trespasses in an occupied structure in order to commit a theft. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

State v. Bailey – whether the reversal of the trial court’s merging of kidnapping and rape charges at sentencing was improper. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

State v. Ashcroft – whether the trial court erred when it sentenced the defendant, convicted of violating sex-offender registration duty, to a prison term not authorized by the Ohio sentencing statutes. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

In re Adoption of H.P. – whether a biological father’s status as between Putative Father and Legal Father is established at the time of the adoption consent hearing or at the filing of the adoption petition. Court News Ohio Oral Argument Preview

This Week in the Law Library …

Posted on July 5, 2022 by susanb

This week in the Law Library, happy July 4th! We also look at more bar exam resources, new summer legal research tips, and we celebrate Disability Pride Month.

Happy July 4th!

The Law Library will be closed July 4, 2022 to celebrate Independence Day. Law students and faculty will still have their 24/7 access. All of our online resources are also still available 24/7!

Bar Exam Study Resources

The July bar examination will be administered July 26-27, 2022 at the Roberts Centre, 123 Gano Road, Wilmington, Ohio.

5 More Bar Exam Resources

The Bar Exam is not a sprint, it’s a marathon so pace yourself! You can see the previous week’s featured bar exam resources on our June 27, June 21st, June 13th, June 6th, and May 24th posts. Check out this week’s Bar Exam Resource highlights below.

Exam Pro Bar Prep Workbook Revised

Available through the West Academic study aid subscription, this book uses frameworks as a guide to writing a top-notch essay. Based on the premises that the bar exam essay is often different in style, length, and scoring from the law school exam essay and that organization and issue identification can best be achieved by a structured, strategic approach rather than “winging it.” The opportunity to practice techniques allows students to further improve their writing.

Mastering Multiple Choice for Federal Civil Procedure MBE Bar Prep and 1L Exam Prep

Available through the West Academic study aid subscription, this fourth edition (expanded with new questions, new answers, and new explanations) encompasses material reflecting all Civil Procedure Rule amendments through December 2021, along with applicable new case law through February 2022. This multiple choice practice book is designed for: (a) bar exam takers, who are preparing to take the MBE multiple choice bar exam, and (b) 1L law students, who are preparing to take their course examinations. This practice book offers practical, easy-to-follow advice on multiple choice exam-taking strategies, clear suggestions on effective multiple choice practicing techniques, and a robust set of Civil Procedure multiple choice practice questions with answers and explanations (designed to simulate MBE-style questions). Tables help users decode the tested-topic for each practice question.

MPT and MPT Point Sheets

These describe the factual and legal points encompassed within the lawyering task to be completed by applicants for each of the tests and outline possible issues and points that might be addressed by an examinee.
These MPTs and Point Sheets are available online from the National Conference of Bar Examiners.

Scoring High on Bar Exam Essays

Available in Law Stacks at KF303 .G35 2006, this text provides step-by-step instructions on essay-writing systems and confidence-building practices. A review of the best and worst ways to respond to essay questions is included.

Strategies and Tactics for the MBE 2: Multistate Bar Exam

Available in Law Stacks at KF303 .E46 2013, Strategies and Tactics for the MBE 2 provides 300 additional questions to help you prepare for the Multistate Bar Exam (MBE). It is important to understand the issues of law tested on the exam and to learn how the exam questions are written to test your understanding of the law. With its comprehensive explanations of why one answer choice is the best answer and why the other choices are not, this text helps you gain the ability to select the best answer choice. The 300 questions are organized by subject area (Constitutional Law, Contracts, Criminal Law and Procedure, Evidence, Torts, and Real Property). Within each subject area, questions are broken down by subtopic, allowing you to locate and practice questions in your trouble areas.

Summer Legal Research Tips

Previously, we looked at initial steps to take when you get a summer research project, researching secondary sources, the structure and organization of statutory codes and where to find them, and finding and searching within annotated codes. This week we will continue to take a look at updating and validating statutes. Learn more about researching statutes in our Researching Statutes Guide or watch our videos on finding and searching within annotated codes.

How Up-to-Date Is Your Code?

Statutes are constantly changing. Make sure that you are working with the most current version of a statute when researching a current issue. Print and online codes will tell you how up to date they are. Look for these currency statements when viewing a statute. Look for the number of the last session law integrated into the code.

Print codes are updated with annual pocket parts and supplements. Also look for legislative service pamphlets. These updates are published throughout the year and usually include a cumulative list of statutes affected by recently enacted laws and a cumulative subject index. Tables of amendments and repeals published in codes and advance legislative services provide citations to session laws that modify existing statutes. Just be aware that print supplements are often published to slowly for updating purposes so online sources are going to be most current.

Validating Statutes Using Citators

On Lexis, use Shepards to validate your statute and to identify any pending legislation that may impact your statute. In Lexis, when you shepardize a statute, the circle with an exclamation point indicates that a section has strong negative treatment. Such negative treatment would be things like it has been amended or repealed or that it has been declared unconstitutional or void. In Lexis, the upside-down yellow triangle with an exclamation point indicates that there is pending legislation that could amend your statute. In Lexis, the green diamond with a plus sign in it indicates that there is positive treatment of your statute.

On Westlaw, use KeyCite to validate your statute and to identify any pending legislation that may impact your statute. A red flag in Westlaw indicates that a section has been amended or repealed by a session law or that it has been declared unconstitutional or preempted. A yellow flag in Westlaw indicates that the statute has been renumbered or transferred by a recent session law; that an uncodified session law or proposed legislation affecting the statute is available; that the statute was limited on constitutional or preemption grounds; that its validity was otherwise called into doubt; or that a prior version of the statute received negative treatment from a court.

July Is Disability Pride Month!

Disability Pride Flag. A black flag with a lightning bolt of blue, yellow, white, red, and green. Source: Ann Magill/Public Domain

About Disability Pride Month

UC Resources

Mikaila Corday, Ableism & Disability Justice, Racial Justice Resources for Activists, Advocates & Allies Guide
Topics in this guide page include ableism 101, ableism podcasts, ableism web resources, accessibility, accessibility resources, disability justice resources, veterans resources, and books.

Accessibility Resources for Students
Accessibility Resources leads the campus community in supporting students with disabilities by fostering an environment that places independence, inclusion and success at its core. They help provide a comprehensive collection of resources related to our office and accessibility for the UC Bearcat community.

Accessibility Resources for Faculty
Information for faculty regarding accessibility for their students.

UC Blue Ash Accessibility Resources
The UC Blue Ash College Accessibility Resources office (AR) seeks to ensure that all students with a documented disability can freely and actively participate in all facets of college life. To that end, Accessibility Resources creates opportunities for and promotes educational experiences, advocacy, and enrichment to persons with disabilities. Finally, AR seeks to increase the awareness and training among the UC Blue Ash College community so that students with disabilities continue to be perceived as people with promise.

UC Clermont Accessibility Resources
The primary purpose of the Accessibility Resources office at the University of Cincinnati Clermont College is to give students with disabilities the opportunity to achieve their academic goals.

Accessibility 101
Resources for e-accessibility.

Katie Foran-Mulcahy, American Sign Language and Deaf Studies
CECH Library guide to support American Sign Language and Deaf studies.

Disability & Accessibility, DEI Book Club at Clermont
Provides resources and support for the Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion initiatives at Clermont College.

Ron Jones, Disability Law
Legal research guide on disability law.

Shannon Kemen, Mental Health Law Research Guide
This guide provides a quick overview of mental health law materials. It covers browsing for materials by call number range, textbooks, treatises, statutory law, administrative materials, and news.

RallyCap Sports
At the foundation, the RallyCap Sports program offers a high quality sports league for children and young adults with special needs to participate in within their community throughout the year.

Kathy Ladell, Sign Language at Clermont
This guide will help you with connecting to ASL resources within the Clermont College Library.

Katie Foran-Mulcahy, Special Education
CECH Library guide to resources including e-books, article databases, online help tutorials, useful websites, and more for researching and teaching special education.

UC Best Buddies
Best Buddies is a club that aspires to transform the lives of both individuals with disabilities, and those without. By forming friendships, Best Buddies further reduces the social space between peers and those with exceptionalities.

UC ASL Club
The UC ASL Club is a safe and friendly organization for students to learn American Sign Language and more about the Deaf Community.

5 Resources on Accessibility & Disability Issues

The ABA Diversity and Inclusion Advisory Council is proud to launch a 21-Day Disability Equity Habit-Building Challenge syllabus in honor of Disability Pride Month. ABA members and non-members, including non-lawyers, to participate in this Disability Equity Habit-Building Challenge©. Its goal is to assist each of us to become more aware and engaged in the quest for disability equity, and specifically to learn more about the members of the disability community, many of whom are from other marginalized communities, as well as barriers, biases, stereotypes, and discrimination they encounter in everyday life.

ABA & Burton Blatt Institute, First Phase Findings From a National Study of Lawyers With Disabilities and Lawyers Who Identify as LGBTQ+ (PDF)

A new national study by the ABA, in collaboration with the Burton Blatt Institute at Syracuse University, finds lawyers who identify as disabled and LGBTQ+ report experiencing both subtle and overt forms of discrimination at their workplaces, with common reports of subtle but unintentional bias.

Kendra Winchester, 10 Books on Disability Justice, Book Riot (Aug. 12, 2021)

This list is a starting place to introduce people to disability justice and its many facets.

The Iris Center, Films: Portrayals of People with Disabilities

This tool represents an attempt to catalogue the representation of people with disabilities in motion pictures. Many of those representations are accurate, many are inaccurate, and some are even offensive. Their inclusion in this tool is intended to stimulate discussion and should by no means be considered an endorsement of their accuracy or appropriateness.

Yo! Ed Roberts 2022 Oral History Project

The Ed Roberts Oral History Project was a youth-led project that began on Ed Roberts Day 2021. Throughout the year over 20 disabled youth volunteers from around the globe interviewed disabled elders who knew Ed Roberts.

Pride Month Resources Recap

Posted on June 30, 2022 by susanb

June is Pride Month and all of this month we have been highlighting resources to learn more about the history behind Pride Month and LGBTQ+ issues. Below we recap those resources.

About Pride Month

Pride Month is commemorated each year in the month of June to honor the 1969 Stonewall uprising in New York City. The Stonewall Inn was a popular gay bar that police raided on Jun 28, 1969. The raid resulted in days of protest and the uprising is often cited as a catalyst for LGBTQ+ activism. Read President Biden’s 2022 Proclamation on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Intersex Pride Month.

ABA & LGBTQ+ Bar Resources

This Challenge is modeled after the “21-Day Racial Equity Habit-Building Challenge©,” which was conceived several years ago by diversity expert Dr. Eddie Moore, Jr. to advance deeper understandings of the intersections of race, power, privilege, supremacy, and oppression. The goal of the Challenge is to assist each of us to become more aware, compassionate, constructive, engaged people in the quest for equity, and specifically to learn more about the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and many communities included under the “LGBTQ+ umbrella.” It transcends our roles as lawyers. Non-lawyers are also welcome to participate. The Challenge invites participants to complete a syllabus of 21 daily, short assignments (typically taking 15-30 minutes), over 21 consecutive days, that includes readings, videos, or podcasts. The assignments seek to expose participants to perspectives on elements of LGBTQ+ histories, identities, and cultures. This Challenges cannot possibly highlight all of the diversity of experiences and opinions within the LGBTQ+ community itself, much less substitute for learnings about any other community. This syllabus is but an introduction to what we hope will be a rewarding journey that extends far beyond the limits of this project.

ABA Commission on Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity, 2022 Stonewall Award Honorees & Virtual Celebration Video

The Stonewall Award recognizes lawyers, members of the judiciary and legal academia who have effected real change to remove barriers on the basis of sexual orientation and gender identity in the legal profession, the world, state, state/or locale and championed diversity for the LGBT community. Thi year’s honorees are Justice G. Helen Whitener, Shannon Minter, and Jordan Blisk.

ABA Commission on Sexual Orientation & Gender Identity & DISCLOSURE, Trans Awareness for Legal Professionals: Why it Matters and Tools to Help

The American Bar Association and DISCLOSURE produced this 2021 webinar for legal professionals during Trans Awareness Week 2021. Participants get a closer look at the toolkit developed by the DISCLOSURE Impact team for lawyers, judges, and others in the legal system, and hear from trans leaders in the field at the Transgender Law Center, the Transgender Legal Defense & Education Fund, as well as Alameda County Superior Court.

LGBTQ+ Bar’s Educational Program Series, LGBTQ+ and Black History: A Conversation

In this webinar, historian Zaylore Stout, recent author of “Our Gay History in 50 States,” adds historical perspective to the national dialogue on racial equity. He focuses on how two important January events (Inauguration and first MLK day since George Floyd) fit into our nation’s larger story.

LBTQ+ Bar’s Educational Program Series, Trans Awareness For The Workplace

More than 90% of Fortune 500 companies explicitly embrace gender identity non-discrimination policies (up from 3% in 2002). Therefore, you are more likely now than ever before to encounter transgender people and their colleagues in the workplace. In this presentation, Jamie Rodriguez, Senior Counsel at Holland & Knight LLP, will help us understand how to be aware and intentional in interacting with transgender individuals, how we can be allies to the transgender community, and the unique issues transgender people face in the workplace. In June 2019, Jamie was the first openly trans employee to transition at Holland & Knight LLP. By learning her story and listening to her guidance, we can help create inclusive workplaces and organizations, where transgender people feel supported, empowered, and safe to bring their authentic selves to work.

Selected Archival & Museum Resources

BePress Digital Commons Network, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons

The BePress Digital Commons Network brings together free, full-text scholarly articles from hundreds of universities and colleges worldwide. Curated by university librarians and their supporting institutions, the Network includes a growing collection of peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, dissertations, working papers, conference proceedings, and other original scholarly work.

The GLBT Historical Society Museum & Archives, Pride Archival Resources

Founded in 1985, the Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender (GLBT) Historical Society is recognized internationally as a leader in the field of LGBTQ public history. The GLBT Historical Society collects, preserves, exhibits and makes accessible to the public materials and knowledge to support and promote understanding of LGBTQ history, culture and arts in all their diversity.

Library of Congress, LGBTQIA+ Studies: A Resource Guide

This guide offers an introduction to the LGBTQIA+ collections of the Library of Congress. The Library collects at the research level in the area of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, Intersex and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) studies. Library holdings are particularly strong in LGBTQIA+ politics, history, literature and the performing arts.

ONE Archives at the USC Libraries

ONE Archives at the USC Libraries is the largest repository of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (LGBTQ) materials in the world. Founded in 1952, ONE Archives currently houses over two million archival items including periodicals, books, film, video and audio recordings, photographs, artworks, organizational records, and personal papers. It is the mission of ONE Archives at the USC Libraries to collect, preserve, and make accessible LGBTQ historical materials while promoting new scholarship on and public awareness of queer histories.

Selected Databases

Gender Studies Database

Gender Studies Database¸ produced by NISC¸ combines NISC’s popular Women’s Studies International and Men’s Studies databases with the coverage of sexual diversity issues. GSD covers the full spectrum of gender-engaged scholarship inside and outside academia. This database includes more than 696¸750 records with coverage spanning from 1972 and earlier to present.

Gender Watch

A mostly full-text collection of newspapers, magazines and journals related to women’s studies, men’s studies, and gender and gay/lesbian issues. A rich collection of articles, editorials, columns, reviews, etc. provides a broad diversity of perspectives and viewpoints.

LGBT Thought and Culture

LGBT Thought and Culture is an online resource hosting books¸ periodicals¸ and archival materials documenting LGBT political¸ social and cultural movements throughout the twentieth century and into the present day. Supported by the Charles Phelps Taft Research Center.

LGBTQ+ Source

LGBTQ+ Source (formerly LGBT Life, formerly GLBT Life) is an index to the world’s literature regarding gay¸ lesbian¸ bisexual and transgender issues. This database contains indexing and abstracts for more than 120 LGBTQ+-specific core periodicals and over 230 LGBTQ+-specific core books and reference works. The product also contains data mined from over 40 priority periodicals and over 1¸700 select titles¸ as well as full text for 50 of the most important and historically significant LGBTQ+ journals¸ magazines and regional newspapers¸ and dozens of full text monographs. The database includes comprehensive indexing and abstract coverage as well as a specialized LGBTQ+ Thesaurus containing over 6¸300 terms.

LGBT Open Access Books

The Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) is a discovery service for open access books. DOAB provides a searchable index to peer-reviewed monographs and edited collections published under an open access licence, with links to the full texts of the publications at the publisher’s website or repository. Researchers can use DOAB to access free to read monographs and edited volumes by searching and browsing the directory.

Selected Statistical Resources

Census Data – Same Sex Couples

All Census Bureau demographic surveys collect information about same-sex couples. The level of detail collected varies, as well as the availability of other characteristics of the partners. This page collates census data on same-sex couples.

Community Marketing & Insights Research Complimentary Downloads

CMI collects and produces marketing research on the LGBTQ community across every demographic.

Selected E-Books

Katherine McFarland Bruce, Pride Parades: How a Parade Changed the World (UC e-book — must authenticate to access)

Pride Parades tells the story of Pride in two parts. In Part I, the author explores how gays and lesbians established the event in the early 1970s as a parade to affirm gay identities. Situating this story at its beginning in mid-1970, the book outlines the scene where approximately 5,000 gays and lesbians (and surely a handful of straight allies) marched through the streets of Manhattan, West Hollywood, and downtown Chicago in the first ever Pride events. The events were a curious mix of protest march and parade – more festive than a typical angry march but with more contention than a typical parade – and were the largest ever public gatherings of out gays and lesbians in history; moreover, these marches were so successful that immediately afterward participants started planning for the following year, thus heralding the beginning of the colorful tradition of Pride. In Part II, the text leaps to 2010 and examines contemporary Pride parades.

Walter Frank, Law and the Gay Rights Story: The Long Search for Equal Justice in a Divided Democracy (UC e-book — must authenticate to access)

In his book, Walter Frank offers an in-depth look at the court cases that were pivotal in establishing gay rights. But he also tells the story of those individuals who were willing to make waves by fighting for those rights, taking enormous personal risks at a time when the tide of public opinion was against them. Chronicling the past half-century of gay and lesbian history, Law and the Gay Rights Story offers a unique perspective on familiar events like the Stonewall Riots, the AIDS crisis, and the repeal of “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.” Frank pays special attention to the constitutional issues surrounding same-sex marriage. The book explains the legal and constitutional issues involved in each of the major goals of the gay rights movement: a safe and healthy school environment, workplace equality, an end to anti-gay violence, relationship recognition, and full integration into all the institutions of the larger society, including marriage and military service.

Karla Jay, Tales of the Lavender Menace: A Memoir of Liberation (UC e-book — must authenticate to access)

A memoir, serious and hilarious in turn, of the struggles and scandals, politics and personalities that made up the women’s and gay liberation movements of the 1960s and ’70s. Karla Jay, a direct participant in the dramatic history of the women’s and gay liberation movements, brings on stage a dazzling cast of unforgettable characters and gives voice to the sweeping tale of the activists who struggled for their vision of social justice and sexual liberation.

Kyle Morgan & Meg Rodriguez, The American LGBTQ Rights Movement: An Introduction (Open Access)

The American LGBTQ Rights Movement: An Introduction is a peer-reviewed chronological survey of the LGBTQ fight for equal rights from the turn of the 20th century to the early 21st century. Illustrated with historical photographs, the book beautifully reveals the heroic people and key events that shaped the American LGBTQ rights movement. The book includes personal narratives to capture the lived experience from each era, as well as details of essential organizations, texts, and court cases that defined LGBTQ activism and advocacy.

Marc Stein, The Stonewall Riots: A Documentary History (UC e-book — must authenticate to access)

Across 200 documents, Marc Stein presents a unique record of the lessons and legacies of Stonewall. Drawing from sources that include mainstream, alternative, and LGBTQ media, gay-bar guide listings, state court decisions, political fliers, first-person accounts, song lyrics, and photographs, Stein paints an indelible portrait of this pivotal moment in the LGBT movement. In The Stonewall Riots, Stein does not construct a neatly quilted, streamlined narrative of Greenwich Village, its people, and its protests; instead, he allows multiple truths to find their voices and speak to one another, much like the conversations you’d expect to overhear in your neighborhood bar.